Artificial Intelligence: Review of Current and Future Applications in Medicine
Background: The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care is expanding rapidly. Currently, there are at least 29 US Food and Drug Administration-approved AI health care devices that apply to numerous medical specialties and many more are in development.
Observations: With increasing expectations for all health care sectors to deliver timely, fiscally-responsible, high-quality health care, AI has potential utility in numerous areas, such as image analysis, improved workflow and efficiency, public health, and epidemiology, to aid in processing large volumes of patient and medical data. In this review, we describe basic terminology, principles, and general AI applications relating to health care. We then discuss current and future applications for a variety of medical specialties. Finally, we discuss the future potential of AI along with the potential risks and limitations of current AI technology. Conclusions: AI can improve diagnostic accuracy, increase patient safety, assist with patient triage, monitor disease progression, and assist with treatment decisions.
AI has also been applied to seizure disorders, attempting to determine seizure type, localize the area of seizure onset, and address the challenges of identifying seizures in neonates.99,100 Other potential applications range from early detection and prognosis predictions for cases of multiple sclerosis to restoring movement in paralysis from a variety of conditions such as spinal cord injury.9,101,102
