Ready to Go Home? Assessment of Shared Mental Models of the Patient and Discharging Team Regarding Readiness for Hospital Discharge
BACKGROUND: A critical task of the inpatient interprofessional team is readying patients for discharge. Assessment of shared mental model (SMM) convergence can determine how much team members agree about patient discharge readiness and how their mental models align with the patient’s self-assessment.
OBJECTIVE: Determine the convergence of interprofessional team SMMs of hospital discharge readiness and identify factors associated with these assessments.
DESIGN: We surveyed interprofessional discharging teams and each team’s patient at time of hospital discharge using validated tools to capture their SMMs.
PARTICIPANTS: Discharge events (n = 64) from a single hospital consisting of the patient and their team (nurse, coordinator, physician).
MEASURES: Clinician and patient versions of the validated Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scales/Short Form (RHDS/SF). We measured team convergence by comparing the individual clinicians’ scores on the RHDS/SF, and we measured team-patient convergence as the absolute difference between the Patient-RHDS/SF score and the team average score on the Clinician-RHDS/SF.
RESULTS: Discharging teams assessed patients as having high readiness for hospital discharge (mean score, 8.5 out of 10; SD, 0.91). The majority of teams had convergent SMMs with high to very high interrater agreement on discharge readiness (mean r*wg(J), 0.90; SD, 0.10). Yet team-patient SMM convergence was low: Teams overestimated the patient’s self-assessment of readiness for discharge in 48.4% of events. We found that teams reporting higher-quality teamwork (P = .004) and bachelor’s level–trained nurses (P < .001) had more convergent SMMs with the patient.
CONCLUSION: Measuring discharge teams’ SMM of patient discharge readiness may represent an innovative assessment tool and potential lever to improve the quality of care transitions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2020;15:XXX-XXX.
© 2020 Society of Hospital Medicine
CONCLUSION
Readying patients for hospital discharge is a time-sensitivehigh-risk task requiring multiple healthcare professionals to concurrently assess patient needs, formulate an anticipatory care plan, provide education, and arrange for postdischarge needs.20,21 Despite this, few studies have analyzed teamwork aspects to understand how these transitions could be improved.9 By piloting SMM measurement and describing factors that affect SMMs, we provide a step toward identifying and evaluating strategies to assist interprofessional care teams in preparing patients for a safe, high-quality, patient-centered hospital discharge.
Presentations
This work was presented at the Midwest Nursing Research Society’s 2018 Annual Research Conference in Cleveland, Ohio, as well as at AcademyHealth’s 2019 Annual Research Meeting in Washington, District of Columbia.
