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Does the Family APGAR Effectively Measure Family Functioning?

The Journal of Family Practice. 2001 January;50(01):19-25
January 1, 2001|Family Medicine
William Gardner, PhD
Author and Disclosure Information

William Gardner, PhD
Paul A. Nutting, MD, MSPH
Kelly J. Kelleher, MD, MPH
James J. Werner, MS
Tillman Farley, MD
Linda Stewart, MD
Michael Hartsell, MD
John A. Orzano, MD
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Denver and Brighton, Colorado; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Greenville, Tennessee; and New Brunswick, New Jersey
Submitted, revised, June 20, 2000.
From the departments of Medicine and Psychiatry (W.G.) and the departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics (K.J.K.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; the Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and the Center for Research Strategies, Denver (P.A.N.); the Program in Health and Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver (J.J.W.); the Plan de Salud del Valle, Brighton (T.F.); the Family Medicine Center of Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge (L.S.); private practice, Greenville (M.H.); and the Department of Family Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick (A.J.O.). Reprint requests should be addressed to William Gardner, PhD, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, CRHC Data Center, E-528, Montefiore University Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593. E-mail: gardnerwp@msx.upmc.edu.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH 50629; PI: Kelleher), the Bureau of Maternal and Child Health, and the Staunton Farm Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) network of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Ill; the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN), Denver, Colo; the Wisconsin Research Network (WReN), Madison, Wis; and the Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Research Network (MAFPRN), St. Paul, Minn. We are particularly grateful for the effort of Diane Comer in both the research and the preparation of this manuscript.

PARTICIPATING CBS PRACTICES

PROS Practices: The pediatric practices or individual practitioners who completed this study are listed by American Academy of Pediatrics chapter: Alabama: Drs Heilpern and Reynolds, PC (Birmingham); Alaska: Anchorage Neighborhood Health Center (Anchorage); Arizona: Mesa Pediatrics Professional Association (Mesa), Pediatric Ambulatory Care Clinic (Phoenix), Orange Grove Pediatrics (Tucson); California 1: Anita Tolentino-Macaraeg, MD (Hollister), Palo Alto Medical Foundation (Los Altos); Colorado: Arvada Pediatric Associates (Arvada), Family Health Center (Denver), Gino Figlio, MD (Lamar); Connecticut: Gerald Jensen, MD (Bristol), Barry Keller, MD (Danbury), Community Health Services (Hartford), St. Francis Pediatric Primary Care Center (Hartford); Florida: Atlantic Coast Pediatrics (Merritt Island), Children’s Clinic (Tallahassee); Georgia: The Pediatric Center (Stone Mountain); Hawaii: Melinda Ashton, MD (Honolulu), Straub Clinic—Pediatrics (Aiea); Iowa: Newborn & Pediatric Specialist, PC (Des Moines), David Kelly, MD (Marshalltown); Illinois: SIU Physicians & Surgeons (Auburn), Emalee Flaherty, MD (Chicago), Southwest Pediatrics (Palos Park); Indiana: Bloomington Pediatric Association (Bloomington), Community Health Access Program (Bloomington), Drs. Mary Jo Stine and Richard Weiner (Indianapolis), Jeffersonville Pediatrics (Jeffersonville), Pediatric Advocates (Peru); Kansas: Bethel Pediatrics (Newton); Kentucky: Tri-State Pediatrics, PSC (Ashland); Louisiana: Children’s Clinic of Southwest LA (Lake Charles); Maine: John Salvato, MD (Waterville), Intermed Pediatrics (Yarmouth); Maryland: O’Donovan & Ahluwalia, MD, PA (Baltimore), Children’s Medical Group (Cumberland), Shore Pediatrics (Easton), Clinical Associates Pediatrics (Towson/Woodlawn); Massachusetts: Holyoke Pediatric Associates (Holyoke), Medical Associates (Leominster), The Fallon Clinic (Worcester); Michigan: University Pediatricians, P.C. (Detroit), Pediatric Associates of Farmington (Farmington), Mott Children’s Health Center (Flint), H.. Hildebrandt, MD (Ypsilanti); Montana: Stevensville Pediatrics (Stevensville); Nebraska: Southwest Pediatrics (Omaha); Nevada: Capital Medical Associates (Carson City), Physician’s Center West (Fallon); New Hampshire: Exeter Pediatric Associates (Exeter); New Jersey: Delaware Valley Pediatric Association (Lawrenceville); New Mexico: Albuquerque Pediatric Associates (Albuquerque); New York 1: Pediatric Associates (Camillus), Elmwood Pediatric Group (Rochester), Park Medical Group (Rochester), Edward D. Lewis, MD (Rochester), Panorama Pediatric Group (Rochester), Amherst Pediatric Associates (Williamsville); New York 2: Centro Medico (Jackson Heights); New York 3: Pediatric Office at Roosevelt Island (New York); North Carolina, Triangle Pediatric Center (Cary), Goldsboro Pediatrics (Goldsboro), Medical Association of Surry (Mount Airy), Peace Haven Family Health Center (Winston-Salem); North Dakota: MeritCare MedicalGroup-Pediatrics (Fargo), Altru Clinic (Grand Forks), Dakota Clinic (Jamestown), Medical Arts Clinic (Minot); Ohio: Oxford Pediatrics & Adolescents (Oxford), Pediatrics (Portsmouth), St. Elizabeth Health Center (Youngstown); Oklahoma: Eastern Oklahoma Medical Plaza (Poteau), Shawnee Medical Center Clinic (Shawnee), Pediatric & Adolescent Care (Tulsa); Pennsylvania: Pediatric Practice of Northeastern (Honesdale), Schuylkill Pediatrics (Pottsville), Cevallos and Moise Pediatric Associates, PC (Quakertown), Pennridge Pediatric Associates (Sellersville); Puerto Rico: Ethel Lamela, MD (Isabela), Primary Care Pediatric Clinic Catano (Rio Piedras); Rhode Island: Marvin Wasser, MD (Cranston); South Carolina: Carolina Primary Care (Columbia); Tennessee: Johnson City Pediatrics (Johnson City); Texas: The Pediatric Clinic (Greenville), Department of Pediatrics (Lackland Air Force Base), MD Pediatric Associates (Lewisville), Winnsboro Pediatrics (Winnsboro); Utah: Gordon Glade, MD (American Fork), Mountain View Pediatrics (Sandy), Salt Lake Clinic (Sandy), Granger Medical Center (West Valley City); Vermont: CHP Brattleboro Pediatrics (Brattleboro), University Pediatrics (Burlington), Rebecca Collman, MD (Colchester), Essex Pediatrics (Essex Junction), Mousetrap Pediatrics (Milton), CHP Timber Lane Pediatrics (South Burlington), Joseph Hagan, Jr, MD (South Burlington), Practitioners of Pediatric Medicine (South Burlington), University Pediatrics (Williston); Virginia: Drs. Casey, Goldman, Lischwe, Garrett & Kim (Arlington), James River Pediatrics (Midlothian), Pediatric Faculty Practice Office (Richmond); Washington: Jemima Tso, MD (Auburn), Redmond Pediatrics (Redmond), Rockwood Clinic (Spokane); West Virginia: Tess Alejo (Martinsburg), Medical & Pediatric Associates (Parkersburg), Grant Memorial Pediatrics (Petersburg); Wisconsin: Beloit Clinic SC (Beloit), Middleton Pediatric Clinic (Middleton), Waukesha Pediatric Associates (Waukesha), Gundersen Clinic-Whitehall (Whitehall); Wyoming: Cheyenne Children’s Clinic (Cheyenne), Jackson Pediatrics (Jackson).

ASPN Practices: Arkansas: Batesville Family Practice Center (Batesville); California: Foothills Family Medical Group (Auburn), Loma Linda Family Medical Group (Loma Linda); Colorado: Renate Justin, MD (Fort Collins), Harrington, Knaus, & Spence, PC (Carbondale), La Mariposa Clinic (Denver), Colorado Springs Health Partners (Monument), Penrose Family Health Center (Penrose); Florida: The Family Doctors of Belleview (Belleview); Georgia: Titus Taube, MD (Warner Robbins); Louisiana: Family Medicine Center of Baton Rouge (Baton Rouge); Minnesota: Eagle Medical (Excelsior), Ramsey Clinic—Maplewood (Maplewood); New Hampshire: Mascoma Valley Community Care (Enfield) Hillsboro Medical Services (Hillsboro); New Jersey: A John Orzano, MD (Flemington), Community Care Center (Lebanon); New Mexico: Santa Fe Family Practice (Santa Fe); New York: Raj B. Kachoria, MD (Macedon), Canal Park Family Practice (Palmyra), Montefiore Comprehensive Family Care (Bronx), Mary Kay Ness, MD (Honeoye Falls); North Carolina: Bakersville Community Medical Clinic (Bakersville), Nalli Clinic (Matthews); North Dakota: University of North Dakota Family Practice Center—Minot (Minot) Minot Center for Family Medicine (Minot); Ohio: Center for Family Medicine (Cleveland); Oregon: Dunes Family Health Care, Inc. (Reedsport); Pennsylvania: John Farmer, DO (Waynesboro), Good Samaritan Family Practice (Lebanon); Tennessee: Michael H. Hartsell, MD (Greeneville), Mountain City Extended Hours Clinic (Mountain City); Texas: Van Horn Rural Health Clinic (Van Horn); Virginia: June Tunstall, MD (Surry); Tappahannock Family Practice (Tappahannock); West Virginia: North Fayette Family Health Center (Hico); Wisconsin: Kronenwetter Clinic (Mosinee); Alberta, Foothills Family Medicine Centre (Black Diamond); New Brunswick, David Ross, MD (Moncton); Newfoundland: Newhook Community Health Center (Whitbourne), Ross Thomas, MD (Sackville); Ontario: Steve Nantes, MD (Kitchener), Metcalfe & Dowdell (Kitchener), Bryan Alton, MD (Hamilton).

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