10 proven strategies to help patients maintain weight loss
Patients’ chances of keeping off weight long-term improve with evidence-based interventions, such as a sound diet, more exercise, and attention to more thoughtful eating habits.
PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS
› Encourage patients to lose more weight early in their effort, which is predictive of successful long-term maintenance. B
› Support patients’ efforts to maintain weight loss by encouraging them to consume fewer calories and eat more nonglycemic fruits and vegetables A, eat at home and avoid processed foods B, work with you in addressing mental health concerns B, and increase time spent exercising A.
› Consider the potential value of prescribing a US Food and Drug Administration–indicated medication for weight maintenance. B
Strength of recommendation (SOR)
A Good-quality patient-oriented evidence
B Inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence
C Consensus, usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented evidence, case series
Addressing mental health issues, especially depression, is paramount in patients with obesity. Treating patients with depression and hopelessness, as well as helping them with problem-solving, should be the focus of weight-management care.
Choosing an antidepressant not associated with the adverse effect of weight gain is important. Almost all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants are associated with weight gain; bupropion is weight neutral and should be first-line treatment for patients who are overweight and obese.26 If using an antidepressant associated with weight gain, initiate weight monitoring if the patient gains 3% of body weight in the first month of therapy. When caring for a patient who takes an antipsychotic, consider consulting with their mental health professional to determine the value of prescribing metformin, which has been shown to decrease weight gain associated with antipsychotics.27
Because depression, anxiety, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are all associated with obesity, it is important to work with obese patients’ mental health care providers to design ways to improve their care.
10.
Focusing on establishing good habits can be helpful. In Great Britain, a program focused on forming new healthy habits and breaking old unhealthy habits by restructuring daily routines and increasing mindfulness was successful in keeping weight off in 65% of participants—an impressive degree of success.24 Successful maintainers were sent daily text messages requesting that they interrupt their routines, which shifted their attention away from eating. Some of these distracting tasks included driving to work by a different route or volunteering for a charity. Such small changes helped improve weight maintenance.
Intuitive eating and mindfulness can help. New concepts that focus on healthy eating without caloric restriction are also emerging; one such approach is intuitive eating, which promotes eating that is based not only on cues connected to hunger and fullness, but also on enjoyment of food, such as eating slowly and savoring every bite.28 Techniques such as sipping water or resting the fork between bites of food has been helpful with some patients. More research in the area of intuitive eating is needed.
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