Costs and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Cancer
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients with cancer. The RIFLE criteria define three levels of AKI based on the percent increase in serum creatinine (Scr) from baseline: risk (≥50%), injury (≥100%), and failure (≥200% or requiring dialysis). The utility of the RIFLE criteria in critically ill patients with cancer is not known.
References
1 H. Brenner, Long-term survival rates of cancer patients achieved by the end of the 20th century: a period analysis, Lancet 360 (2002), pp. 1131–1135.
2 M. Darmon, M. Ciroldi, G. Thiery, B. Schlemmer and E. Azoulay, Clinical review: specific aspects of acute renal failure in cancer patients, Crit Care 10 (2006), p. 211.
3 J. Evison, P. Rickenbacher, R. Ritz, A. Gratwohl, C. Haberthür, S. Elsasser and J.R. Passweg, Intensive care unit admission in patients with haematological disease: incidence, outcome and prognostic factors, Swiss Med Wkly 131 (2001), pp. 681–686.
4 G.M. Chertow, E. Burdick, M. Honour, J.V. Bonventre and D.W. Bates, Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients, J Am Soc Nephrol 16 (2005), pp. 3365–3370.
5 J.F. Dasta, S.L. Kane-Gill, A.J. Durtschi, D.S. Pathak and J.A. Kellum, Costs and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery, Nephrol Dial Transplant 23 (2008), pp. 1970–1974.
6 L.A. Stevens, J. Coresh, T. Greene and A.S. Levey, Assessing kidney function—measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate, N Engl J Med 354 (2006), pp. 2473–2483.
7 V. Launay-Vacher, H. Izzedine, J.B. Rey, O. Rixe, S. Chapalain, S. Nourdine, A. Paci, P. Bourget and G. Deray, Incidence of renal insufficiency in cancer patients and evaluation of information available on the use of anticancer drugs in renally impaired patients, Med Sci Monit 10 (2004), pp. CR209–CR212.
8 E. Dogan, M. Izmirli, K. Ceylan, R. Erkoc, H. Sayarlioglu, H. Begenik and S. Alici, Incidence of renal insufficiency in cancer patients, Adv Ther 22 (2005), pp. 357–362.
9 J.A. Kellum, N. Levin, C. Bouman and N. Lameire, Developing a consensus classification system for acute renal failure, Curr Opin Crit Care 8 (2002), pp. 509–514.
10 E.A. Hoste and M. Schurgers, Epidemiology of acute kidney injury: how big is the problem?, Crit Care Med 36 (2008), pp. S146–S151.
11 A. Lahoti, H. Kantarjian, A.K. Salahudeen, F. Ravandi, J.E. Cortes, S. Faderl, S. O'Brien, W. Wierda and G.N. Mattiuzzi, Predictors and outcome of acute kidney injury in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, Cancer 116 (2010), pp. 4063–4068.
12 E.A. Hoste, G. Clermont, A. Kersten, R. Venkataraman, D.C. Angus, D. De Bacquer and J.A. Kellum, RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis, Crit Care 10 (2006), p. R73.
13 A. Kuitunen, A. Vento, R. Suojaranta-Ylinen and V. Pettilä, Acute renal failure after cardiac surgery: evaluation of the RIFLE classification, Ann Thorac Surg 81 (2006), pp. 542–546.
14 J.A. Lopes, S. Jorge, S. Silva, E. de Almeida, F. Abreu, C. Martins, J.A. do Carmo, J.F. Lacerda and M.M. Prata, An assessment of the RIFLE criteria for acute renal failure following myeloablative autologous and allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant 38 (2006), p. 395.
15 C.C. Jenq, M.H. Tsai, Y.C. Tian, C.Y. Lin, C. Yang, N.J. Liu, J.M. Lien, Y.C. Chen, J.T. Fang, P.C. Chen and C.W. Yang, RIFLE classification can predict short-term prognosis in critically ill cirrhotic patients, Intensive Care Med 33 (2007), pp. 1921–1930.
16 J.A. Lopes, S. Jorge, F.C. Neves, M. Caneira, A.G. da Costa, A.C. Ferreira and M.M. Prata, An assessment of the RIFLE criteria for acute renal failure in severely burned patients, Nephrol Dial Transplant 22 (2007), p. 285.
17 A. O'Riordan, V. Wong, R. McQuillan, P.A. McCormick, J.E. Hegarty and A.J. Watson, Acute renal disease, as defined by the RIFLE criteria, post-liver transplantation, Am J Transplant 7 (2007), pp. 168–176.
18 J.A. Lopes, J. Fernandes, S. Jorge, J. Neves, F. Antunes and M.M. Prata, An assessment of the RIFLE criteria for acute renal failure in critically ill HIV-infected patients, Crit Care 11 (2007), p. 401.
19 R.L. Mehta, J.A. Kellum, S.V. Shah, B.A. Molitoris, C. Ronco, D.G. Warnock and A. Levin, Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury, Crit Care 11 (2007), p. R31.
20 A.K. Salahudeen, V. Kumar, N. Madan, L. Xiao, A. Lahoti, J. Samuels, J. Nates and K. Price, Sustained low efficiency dialysis in the continuous mode (C-SLED): dialysis efficacy, clinical outcomes, and survival predictors in critically ill cancer patients, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4 (2009), pp. 1338–1346.
21 G.H. Skrepnek, Regression methods in the empiric analysis of health care data, J Manag Care Pharm 11 (2005), pp. 240–251.
22 A. Trotti, A.D. Colevas, A. Setser, V. Rusch, D. Jaques, V. Budach, C. Langer, B. Murphy, R. Cumberlin, C.N. Coleman and P. Rubin, CTCAE v3.0: development of a comprehensive grading system for the adverse effects of cancer treatment, Semin Radiat Oncol 13 (2003), pp. 176–181.
23 C.R. Parikh, A. Jani, V.Y. Melnikov, S. Faubel and C.L. Edelstein, Urinary interleukin-18 is a marker of human acute tubular necrosis, Am J Kidney Dis 43 (2004), pp. 405–414.
24 J. Mishra, K. Mori, Q. Ma, C. Kelly, J. Barasch and P. Devarajan, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a novel early urinary biomarker for cisplatin nephrotoxicity, Am J Nephrol 24 (2004), pp. 307–315.
25 T. Ichimura, C.C. Hung, S.A. Yang, J.L. Stevens and J.V. Bonventre, Kidney injury molecule-1: a tissue and urinary biomarker for nephrotoxicant-induced renal injury, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 286 (2004), pp. F552–F563.
26 Q. Yao, J. Axelsson, O. Heimburger, P. Stenvinkel and B. Lindholm, Systemic inflammation in dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease: causes and consequences, Minerva Urol Nefrol 56 (2004), pp. 237–248.
27 J.D. Paladino, J.R. Hotchkiss and H. Rabb, Acute kidney injury and lung dysfunction: a paradigm for remote organ effects of kidney disease?, Microvasc Res 77 (2009), pp. 8–12.
28 H. Rabb, Z. Wang, T. Nemoto, J. Hotchkiss, N. Yokota and M. Soleimani, Acute renal failure leads to dysregulation of lung salt and water channels, Kidney Int 63 (2003), pp. 600–606.
29 R.A. Zager, Acute renal failure in the setting of bone marrow transplantation, Kidney Int 46 (1994), pp. 1443–1458.
30 M. Joannidis and P.G. Metnitz, Epidemiology and natural history of acute renal failure in the ICU, Crit Care Clin 21 (2005), pp. 239–249.
31 N. Lameire, W. Van Biesen and R. Vanholder, The changing epidemiology of acute renal failure, Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2 (2006), pp. 364–377.
32 F. Kroschinsky, M. Weise, T. Illmer, M. Haenel, M. Bornhaeuser, G. Hoeffken, G. Ehninger and U. Schuler, Outcome and prognostic features of intensive care unit treatment in patients with hematological malignancies, Intensive Care Med 28 (2002), pp. 1294–1300.
33 D.D. Benoit, K.H. Vandewoude, J.M. Decruyenaere, E.A. Hoste and F.A. Colardyn, Outcome and early prognostic indicators in patients with a hematologic malignancy admitted to the intensive care unit for a life-threatening complication, Crit Care Med 31 (2003), pp. 104–112
34 B. Lamia, M.F. Hellot, C. Girault, F. Tamion, F. Dachraoui, P. Lenain and G. Bonmarchand, Changes in severity and organ failure scores as prognostic factors in onco-hematological malignancy patients admitted to the ICU, Intensive Care Med 32 (2006), pp. 1560–1568.
35 T. Silfvast, V. Pettilä, A. Ihalainen and E. Elonen, Multiple organ failure and outcome of critically ill patients with haematological malignancy, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 47 (2003), pp. 301–306.
36 T.M. Merz, P. Schär, M. Bühlmann, J. Takala and H.U. Rothen, Resource use and outcome in critically ill patients with hematological malignancy: a retrospective cohort study, Crit Care 12 (2008), p. R75.
37 M. Soares, J.I. Salluh, M.S. Carvalho, M. Darmon, J.R. Rocco and N. Spector, Prognosis of critically ill patients with cancer and acute renal dysfunction, J Clin Oncol 24 (2006), pp. 4003–4010.
38 D.D. Benoit, E.A. Hoste, P.O. Depuydt, F.C. Offner, N.H. Lameire, K.H. Vandewoude, A.W. Dhondt, L.A. Noens and J.M. Decruyenaere, Outcome in critically ill medical patients treated with renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure: comparison between patients with and those without haematological malignancies, Nephrol Dial Transplant 20 (2005), pp. 552–558.
39 E. Rivers, B. Nguyen, S. Havstad, J. Ressler, A. Muzzin, B. Knoblich, E. Peterson, M. Tomlanovich and Early Goal-Directed Therapy Collaborative Group, Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock, N Engl J Med 345 (2001), pp. 1368–1377.
