Treatment-related MDS/AML in a patient after treatment for large-cell neuroendocrine lung cancer

Secondary leukemia is a common late complication after exposure to cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. With the increase in the overall survival of cancer patients over the past 3 decades, treatment-related malignant neoplasms have increased in incidence. Secondary leukemias due to breast cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma have been studied in detail, but to our knowledge only a few case studies have reported secondary leukemias with previous lung cancer.^1-4 Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States.⁵

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