What’s the Buzz? Treatment Strategies in Chronic Subjective Tinnitus
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Expires September 30, 2019
Tinnitus can be a debilitating condition that affects quality of life and is often not treated according to guidelines. Cognitive behavioral therapy and tinnitus retraining therapy have been successful in reducing tinnitus bother; pharmacotherapy is not widely accepted as successful, and can, in fact, be deleterious. This article describes pathophysiologic disturbances of hearing and how they relate to chronic subjective tinnitus, discusses the clinical evaluation of tinnitus as a presenting symptom, and reviews current treatments.
Researchers have discovered that tinnitus is not simply a cochlear phenomenon. The pathology extends well beyond the auditory complex, having a deleterious effect on both the somatosensory and central nervous systems, providing some explanation for the prevalence of anxiety and depression associated with the disorder (see "Pathophysiology of tinnitus").9-17
Because of the insidious nature of tinnitus and lack of standard measures of severity, true prevalence is difficult to calculate.18
,CLINICAL EVALUATION
Tinnitus can be a presenting complaint or elicited during history-taking. Symptomatic patients should receive full evaluation, including a complete physical exam, medication history, and laboratory workup.
Adverse effect of drugs
Medications that commonly cause tinnitus symptoms are NSAIDs, chemotherapeutic agents, and antibiotics (eg, macrolides and fluoroquinolones). Amiodarone, ACE inhibitors, proton-pump inhibitors, and calcium-channel blockers have also been implicated. Paradoxically, anxiolytics and tricyclic antidepressants, which are sometimes used to treat tinnitus, have been linked to causing the condition.7
Laboratory tests and imaging
Testing should include investigation for infectious disease, autoimmune disorders, and vitamin deficiency.7 According to the American College of Radiology, imaging is unnecessary in the workup of primary tinnitus. Any suspicion of a vascular cause noted on the physical exam (eg, an associated bruit or venous hum), however, should be explored with imaging. Furthermore, any case of tinnitus that lateralizes also requires additional investigation. Modalities of choice are MRI, CT, and CT angiography.19
Continue to: Referral for audiology evaluation
