During Global GLP-1 Shortage, Doctors Prioritize Certain Patients

United Kingdom

Last summer, health officials in the United Kingdom took a similar approach to Sweden’s, urging providers to stop prescribing appetite-suppressing medications for weight loss due to shortages for patients with diabetes. The notice also asked providers to hold off on writing new prescriptions for GLP-1 agonists, as well as the drug Trulicity, for patients with type 2 diabetes.

In the United Kingdom, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Saxenda, an oral semaglutide, have been approved for weight loss and are covered by the National Health System. People must have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more with one weight-related condition, or a BMI of at least 35, to qualify for Wegovy. Because Ozempic, only approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is used off-label but is not specifically indicated for weight loss, physicians typically use the same parameters when prescribing it off-label as they do Wegovy.

Naresh Dr. Kanumilli, MD, a general practitioner and diabetes specialist in the Northenden Group Practice in Manchester, England, said he believes GLP-1 agonists should not be used off-label for weight loss.

“The global shortage was probably exacerbated because a lot of the drugs were going toward obesity when they should be going to diabetes,” he said.

Dr. Kanumilli, who is also a National Health Service England Clinical Network lead for diabetes, said he hopes more doctors in the United Kingdom offer their patients other drugs for weight loss before reaching for Wegovy.

He said doctors in the United Kingdom are allowing patients to jump from a metformin-only regimen to GLP-1 plus metformin, without trying an intermediate group of drugs called sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors. “We want to reinforce that these drugs should be tried prior to GLP-1 agonists [for obesity treatment],” he said.
 

United States

Despite widespread shortages, the US government has not asked clinicians to reserve GLP-1 agonists for patients with type 2 diabetes, but patients are experiencing additional restrictions related to cost and insurance coverage.

In the United States, where these types of medications already cost more than they do in other countries, private insurers rarely cover the drugs for obesity. Medicare is forbidden to cover any type of weight loss drug, although proposed legislation could change that.

According to August 2023 data from KFF, formerly The Kaiser Family Foundation, a month’s supply of a 1.7-mg or 2.4-mg dose of Wegovy costs an average of $1349 in the United States, which is considerably higher than other countries. In Germany, that same supply runs about $328. In the Netherlands, it’s $296. A 1-month supply of Rybelsus or Ozempic costs about four times as much in the United States as it does in the Netherlands. Eli Lilly’s list price for 1 month of Mounjaro in the United States is $1069.08 compared to about $319 in Japan, according to the report.

On the rare occasion a private insurer in the United States does cover a GLP-1 agonist prescribed for weight loss — only about 27% of insurance companies did in 2023 — people may need to prove other interventions, including lifestyle changes, did not produce results.

Beverly Tchang, MD, an assistant professor of clinical medicine at Weill Comprehensive Weight Control Center in New York, said she takes a patient-by-patient approach when considering prescribing these medications.

The BMI thresholds for Wegovy are 27 if a person has at least one weight-related comorbidity, and 30 if they do not, in the United States. Dr. Tchang said these rules are strict, but some exceptions are made for ethnicities such as those of South or East Asian descent where a BMI of 25 can be used as they have a lower threshold for overweight or obesity.

If Dr. Tchang feels a patient would benefit from significant weight loss, she is comfortable prescribing the drugs for weight loss to a patient who doesn’t have type 2 diabetes.

“Most people I see would benefit from that 10%-15% or more weight loss threshold, so I often do reach for the tirzepatide and semaglutide,” she said.

For patients who need to lose closer to 5% of their body weight to manage or prevent comorbidities, Dr. Tchang said she would likely try another medication that does not produce as extreme results.